Peluang Biomarker Saliva sebagai Skrining Prediabetes untuk Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2: Literatur Review
Abstract
Prediabetes is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that have not yet reached the threshold for diabetes but are above normal limits. The prediabetes period is a critical window for intervention. Blood sample screening methods are effective but invasive, limiting their widespread use. A non-invasive alternative for glucose testing, such as saliva-based tests, is needed. Saliva-based tests offer ease of use, accessibility, and convenience, making them suitable for broader community screening. This study aims to explore a literature review on prediabetes screening using saliva tests. Research articles were searched using the Google Scholar search engine with keywords “saliva biomarkers”, “saliva for diagnostic test”, and “non-invasive test for diabetes”. The identification was conducted on research articles published between 2014 and 2024. This study employs a qualitative approach in reviewing journal articles on the use of saliva as a test sample for prediabetes screening. The study assesses the potential, challenges, and identification of suitable biomarkers for saliva-based prediabetes screening. The review of the journals shows that saliva has potential as a non-invasively obtained sample for prediabetes screening. The use of saliva samples offers several advantages over blood samples. The research conclusion is that saliva has become an innovative biomarker as a non-invasive tool for screening prediabetes such as levels of glucose, amylase, cortisol, inflammatory markers such as CRP and cytokines, and adipocytokines.
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References
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