Jurnal Sehat Mandiri

Perbandingan Efektivitas Putih Telur dan Rebusan Daun Sirih terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Perineum Derajat II pada Ibu Nifas

Parmi Rahmayanti — 2026-06-30

Perineal wounds in postpartum women often cause discomfort and risk of infection if not properly managed. This study aimed to determine the effect of boiled egg whites and betel leaf decoction on the healing of second-degree perineal wounds among postpartum mothers at the Sindangbarang Inpatient Health Center, Cianjur Regency, in 2025. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a post-test group design involving 20 respondents divided into two intervention groups. Data were collected using the REEDA observation sheet and analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed a significant difference between the egg white and betel leaf groups with a p-value of 0.023 (<0.05), indicating that both interventions had a positive effect on perineal wound healing. However, egg whites were more effective in accelerating tissue regeneration, while betel leaf decoction acted as a natural antiseptic. It can be concluded that boiled egg whites have a stronger effect in promoting the healing of second-degree perineal wounds. It is recommended that postpartum mothers, midwives, and healthcare facilities utilize natural ingredients such as egg whites and betel leaves as safe, affordable, and accessible non-pharmacological alternatives for perineal wound care.

Pengaruh Stigma terhadap Tingkat Kepatuhan Terapi pada Pasien Tuberkulosis: Tinjauan Literatur

Siti Kalila Ramadhani — 2026-06-30

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health problem, with treatment adherence serving as a key determinant of therapeutic success. One of the main barriers to adherence is social stigma experienced by patients, whether from family members, the community, or the workplace. This study aimed to examine the influence of stigma on treatment adherence among tuberculosis patients based on recent scientific evidence. A systematic literature review was conducted using the Google Scholar and PubMed databases for articles published between 2020 and 2025. A total of 1,076 articles were initially identified. After applying the PICO framework and strict inclusion–exclusion criteria, 200 articles were screened for further assessment, and 9 eligible studies were ultimately selected and analyzed narratively. The review findings consistently demonstrated a significant negative association between stigma and TB treatment adherence (p < 0.05). Stigma affects adherence directly through feelings of shame and social isolation, and indirectly through depression and psychological distress. In conclusion, social stigma represents a universal and multidimensional barrier to TB treatment adherence; therefore, TB control interventions should integrate psychosocial approaches alongside medical management.

Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Membaca Informasi Nilai Gizi (Nutrition Facts) Siswa: Studi Quasi Eksperimental

Sesiana Damar Djati — 2026-06-30

Nutritional knowledge and the habit of reading nutrition facts play an important role in shaping healthy and balanced dietary consumption patterns. However, students’ awareness of reading nutrition information remains relatively low, including at SMP N 1 Jetis Bantul Yogyakarta. This study aimed to analyze the effect of nutrition education on improving students’ knowledge and attitudes toward reading nutrition facts. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pre-post test approach involving 89 students. Nutrition education was delivered through materials on nutrition information using PowerPoint, animated videos, and leaflets. Data were collected using knowledge and attitude questionnaires before and after the intervention and were analyzed using a paired t-test. The results showed a significant increase in students’ knowledge from a mean score of 67.6 to 77, representing an improvement of 9.4 points (p<0.05). Attitudes toward reading nutrition facts also increased from 73.1 to 77.7, an improvement of 4.6 points (p<0.05). Conclusion: nutrition education is effective in improving students’ understanding and awareness in supporting healthy eating habits; therefore, integrating nutrition education into school curricula is recommended as an early preventive strategy.

Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pemeriksaan Triple Eliminasi pada Kunjungan 1 oleh Ibu Hamil

Prita Maharani — 2026-06-30

The coverage of HIV testing among pregnant women at Harapan Baru Public Health Center, Samarinda City, remains low at 57% in 2024, far below the national target of 100%. This condition increases the risk of undetected mother-to-child transmission of infection. This study aimed to identify factors associated with triple elimination screening during the first antenatal visit (K1) among pregnant women in the working area of Harapan Baru Public Health Center. This was a quantitative study using a correlational analytic method with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of all pregnant women attending K1 in June 2025, with a total sample of 50 respondents selected using total sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed with the chi-square test. The results showed no significant relationship between education level and triple elimination screening (p=0.595). However, there were significant associations between knowledge (p=0.023; OR=5.4) and health worker support (p=0.002; OR=10.667) with triple elimination screening. The study concludes that good knowledge and positive support from health workers increase the likelihood that pregnant women will undergo triple elimination screening from the first antenatal visit.

Efektifitas Pengurangan Paramater BOD COD Menggunakan Moving Bed Biofilm Reaktor

Muliyadi Muliyadi — 2026-06-30

Domestic wastewater with high organic loads exceeding the Indonesian regulatory standards (Permen LHK No. 68/2016) requires an effective and economical treatment system prior to discharge. The utilization of plastic waste as biofilm carrier media in a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) represents an innovative and environmentally friendly alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of an aerobic MBBR using polypropylene (PP) bottle caps as carrier media in reducing BOD and COD, while analyzing biofilm dynamics and operational conditions. A laboratory-scale experimental approach was conducted over 31 days using an 80 L working volume reactor containing 500 media units with a total surface area of 1.413 m². Temperature, pH, BOD, and COD were monitored periodically. Results indicated stable operating conditions at an average temperature of 29.2°C and pH 7.2, with optimal biofilm development observed by day 30. BOD decreased from 193 mg/L to 31–33 mg/L and COD from 343 mg/L to 95–97 mg/L, achieving 73% COD removal efficiency. It is concluded that the aerobic MBBR with PP bottle cap media effectively reduces organic loads and shows strong potential as a low-cost wastewater treatment technology.

Hubungan Tingkat Stres dan Status Gizi terhadap Keteraturan Siklus Menstruasi pada Remaja Putri

Hafsia Khairun Nisa Mokodompit — 2026-06-30

Menstrual cycle disorders are a common reproductive health problem in adolescent girls with a global prevalence of 45%. Stress levels and nutritional status are suspected to be factors that influence menstrual cycle regularity. This study aims to analyze the relationship between stress levels and nutritional status on menstrual cycle occurrence in adolescent girls at SMK Negeri 1 Kotamobagu. An observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on 58 female students of SMK Negeri 1 Kotamobagu selected by purposive sampling. Stress levels were measured using the DASS-21 questionnaire, nutritional status was assessed based on the WHO standard BMI/A, and menstrual cycles were categorized as regular (21-35 days) or irregular. Data analysis used the Chi-Square test. A total of 58.6% of respondents experienced irregular menstrual cycles, with polymenorrhea being the dominant disorder (43.1%). There was a significant relationship between stress levels and menstrual cycles (p=0.004), where 77.4% of adolescents with severe stress experienced irregular cycles compared to 37.0% with mild stress. Nutritional status was also significantly associated with menstrual cycles (p=0.003), with adolescents with underweight (82.4%) and overweight (76.9%) experiencing more irregular cycles than those with normal nutritional status (35.7%). Stress levels and nutritional status were significantly associated with menstrual cycles in adolescent girls. A holistic approach to adolescent reproductive health that integrates stress management and balanced nutrition is needed.

Formulasi dan Evaluasi Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Facial Wash Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bintangur (Chalophyllum Inophyllum L.)

Adhisty Nurpermatasari — 2026-06-30

Facial skin is highly susceptible to damage caused by free radicals and ultraviolet radiation; therefore, skincare products containing natural antioxidants are needed. Bintangur leaves (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) contain flavonoids, tannins, and steroids that have potential antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This study aimed to determine the best formulation and stability of a facial wash containing ethanol extract of bintangur leaves. The research used an experimental method with purposive sampling technique. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent, then formulated into facial wash preparations with extract concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. Evaluation included organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, foam height, stability, and hedonic test involving 20 panelists. The results showed that all formulations met physical requirements with pH values of 6.1–6.4 and foam height of 4.6–5.2 cm and were generally preferred by panelists. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of bintangur leaves can be formulated into a stable and acceptable facial wash preparation.

Meningkatkan Keterampilan Orang Tua Menggunakan Video dan Buklet dalam Pertolongan Pertama untuk Kejang Demam pada Anak

Arismansyah Arismansyah — 2026-06-30

Febrile seizures are one of the most common neurological disorders in children. The combination of videos and booklets as health education media can accommodate various learning styles and improve parental knowledge retention. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of educational media in the form of videos and booklets in improving parental skills related to first aid for febrile seizures in children. This pre-experimental study with a single-group pre-test/post-test design was conducted in Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, from August 2025 to January 2026. Sixty-two parents of children aged 6 months to 5 years with a history or risk of febrile seizures were recruited using purposive sampling. The intervention consisted of a combination of educational videos and booklets containing comprehensive information on first aid for febrile seizures. Skills were assessed using a standardized observation sheet and categorized as poor, adequate, or good. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The pre-test results showed that no respondents (0%) had good skills, 61.3% had adequate skills, and 38.7% had poor skills. The post-test results showed significant improvement: 88.7% achieved good skills, 11.3% achieved sufficient skills, and 0% achieved poor skills. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between pre-test (mean=1.61) and post-test (mean=2.89) scores (z=6.886, p=0.000). In conclusion, the combination of video and booklet was proven effective in improving first aid skills for febrile seizures.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Polimer HPMC Terhadap Waktu Disintegrasi Orally Dissolving Film (ODF): Tinjauan Literatur

Elyona Ganis Azka Safuha — 2026-06-30

Orally Dissolving Film (ODF) is an oral dosage innovation that can dissolve rapidly in the oral cavity without the need for water, thereby improving patient comfort and compliance. One of the critical parameters in evaluating ODF is disintegration time, which is influenced by the type and concentration of the film-forming polymer. Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) is the most commonly used polymer due to its hydrophilic nature and excellent film-forming ability. This review aims to analyze the effect of HPMC concentration on the disintegration time of ODF, as well as to examine the influence of different types and combinations of other polymers. The method used was a literature review with a PICO approach. Articles were searched through Google Scholar and PubMed databases using the keywords “Orally Dissolving Film,” “HPMC,” “polymer,” “disintegration time,” and “formulation,” covering publications from 2017 to 2025. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The review results show that an increase in HPMC concentration generally prolongs disintegration time due to the increased viscosity and density of the film. However, differences in HPMC types (such as E5, E5 LV, and E15) and combinations with other polymers such as maltodextrin, PVA, and corn starch can enhance water absorption and accelerate disintegration time. Conclusion : The concentration and type of HPMC polymer affect the disintegration time of Orally Dissolving Film (ODF). Proper selection of polymer concentration and combination is necessary to achieve optimal disintegration time.

Literature Review : Analisis Kebijakan Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Padat Rumah Sakit

Sarwendah Sarwendah — 2026-06-30

The management of hazardous and toxic solid medical waste (B3) in hospitals remains a critical issue due to its potential to cause infection risks and environmental pollution if not properly managed. In Riau Province, the compliance level of health facilities with medical waste management standards is still low, while the volume of waste continues to increase. This study aims to analyze the overview of management practices, identify the types of medical waste, and examine policies related to the management of B3 solid medical waste in hospitals in Riau Province. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by searching scientific articles through the Google Scholar database using keywords related to hospital medical waste management in Riau. From 169 identified articles, 10 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were analyzed narratively. The results indicate that infectious waste and sharps are the most dominant types, mainly generated from inpatient wards, emergency departments, laboratories, and operating rooms, with an average volume of about 100–150 kg per day. Several issues were identified, including inconsistent waste segregation, substandard temporary storage facilities, limited transportation infrastructure, and high dependence on third-party services for waste treatment. In conclusion, the management of B3 solid medical waste in hospitals in Riau Province is not yet optimal and requires improved regulatory compliance, better infrastructure, and strengthened monitoring and evaluation systems.

Formulasi dan Evaluasi Organoleptik Cookies Tinggi Serat Berbasis Mocaf-Okara pada Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2

Nathasa Weisdania Sihite — 2026-06-30

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic hyperglycemic condition that requires appropriate dietary management, including the consumption of high-fiber foods. The utilization of modified cassava flour (mocaf) and okara in cookie production represents a potential alternative snack option for individuals with diabetes mellitus. This research aimed to develop cookies with a higher dietary fiber content compared to conventional cookies, thereby providing a suitable snack alternative for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This study employed a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The cookie formulations consisted of three treatments, namely F1, F2, and F3, with varying proportions of mocaf flour and okara as the primary ingredients. The results demonstrated that the formulations F1 (25:45), F2 (35:35), and F3 (20:50) produced distinct characteristics, with F3 identified as the optimal formulation. The nutritional composition of F3 per 100 g was as follows: energy 561.43 kcal, protein 8.48 g, fat 38.35 g, carbohydrates 45.60 g, and dietary fiber 43.25 g. Conclusion: Increasing the proportion of okara significantly enhances dietary fiber content without notably reducing panelists’ acceptance. It is recommended that future studies incorporate additional sources of complex carbohydrates and conduct glycemic index testing as well as direct intervention trials in Type 2 DM patients to ensure the product meets standards and is supported by stronger scientific evidence.

Hubungan Intensitas Nyeri Ibu Post Sectio Caesarea dengan Waktu Inisiasi Menyusui Setelah Rawat Gabung

Putu Eka Deviana Septiari — 2026-06-30

Post-cesarean pain hinders initiation of breastfeeding. A preliminary study at Bali Mandara Hospital showed that the majority of mothers with moderate pain intensity (NRS) only started breastfeeding >4–8 hours postpartum. This study aims to determine the relationship between the intensity of post-cesarean maternal pain and the time of first breastfeeding after the baby was admitted. This study is a non-experimental study with a correlational analytical research type, using a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted from March to April 2025. A sample of 46 postpartum mothers was taken using a purposive sampling technique. The majority of respondents experienced moderate pain with the time of first breastfeeding mostly at >4-8 hours after the baby was admitted. Univariate analysis is presented in the form of a frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using the Spearman Rank test with the results of p = 0.000, r = 0.782. conclusion : Maternal pain levels following a C-section directly impact the initiation of breastfeeding. To mitigate this, healthcare providers must improve nursing interventions through comprehensive pain management strategies.

Faktor-Faktor Penentu Kebugaran Jasmani Pekerja (Tinjauan Literatur 2015–2025)

Artamalia Rizky Fareza — 2026-06-30

The main issue addressed in this study is the low level of physical activity and the increasing sedentary lifestyle among workers, which negatively impacts physical fitness and work productivity . This study aims to analyze the relationship between a healthy lifestyle and workers’ physical fitness based on recent scientific evidence. The method used is a literature review with a narrative-descriptive approach conducted through three stages: identification, screening, and article selection. Literature was searched in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, yielding 114 articles, which were reduced to 31 after screening, and finally 10 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using content analysis. The results show that workers with higher physical activity levels had lower absenteeism (36.3 days/year) compared to less active workers (64.4 days/year), along with increased productivity (r=0.46; p=0.005). Approximately 73.2% of workers adopted personal fitness programs after intervention, and digital-based interventions significantly reduced work-related stress. In conclusion, integrating healthy lifestyle practices with organizational support and digital technology is an effective strategy to improve physical fitness, mental health, and worker productivity sustainably.

Hubungan Paritas dengan Kejadian Atonia Uteri

Luh Putu Suwantini — 2026-04-07

Atonia uteri diidentifikasi sebagai etiologi yang mendasari hingga 80% kasus perdarahan pasca persalinan. Grandemultipara merupakan faktor resiko potensial untuk terjadinya atonia uteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara paritas dengan kejadian atonia uteri di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Bali Mandara Provinsi Bali tahun 2024. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik korelasional dan menggunakan total sampling pada 94 ibu bersalin. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medik pasien. Analisis data univariat disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi dan bivariat menggunakan uji Koefisien Kontingensi (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas re$sponde$n pada pe$ne$litian ini de$ngan paritas multipara se$banyak 51 orang (54,3%), te$rdapat 19 ibu be$rsalin (20,2%) me$ngalami atonia ute$ri, dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara paritas ibu bersalin (nilai-p = 0,000) dengan kejadian atonia uteri dengan nilai korelasi 0,457 menunjukkan kekuatan hubungan sedang dimana semakin sering ibu melahirkan maka resiko kejadian atonia uteri semakin besar. Paritas tinggi perlu menjadi sorotan bagi tenaga kesehatan terkait pencegahan atonia uteri dan ibu hamil disarankan untuk merencanakan kehamilannya untuk mencegah faktor resiko dari atonia uteri oleh karena paritas serta peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat mengeksplorasi faktor risiko lain terkait atonia uteri.

A Quasy Experimental Study: Buku Saku Cegah Anemia Remaja (Care) Efektif Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Remaja Putri tentang Anemia

Rosa Mesalina — 2026-04-30

Anemia in adolescent girls remains a public health problem that has a long-term impact on reproductive health and the risk of stunting in the next generation. Low knowledge and attitudes among adolescents towards anemia are important factors that contribute to suboptimal preventive behavior. Education through simple, practical, and easy-to-understand such as pocket books has the potential to be an effective promotive-preventive intervention. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of using the Cegah Anemia Remaja (CARE) pocketbook in increasing adolescent girls' knowledge and attitudes about anemia. This study used a quasi-experimental two-group pre-post design, with sample consisted of female adolescents pursuing higher education. The intervention used CARE pocketbook, was given to the experimental group, while the control group received random educational media. Knowledge and attitude measurements were conducted before and after the intervention. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test and Mann–Whitney U. The results showed a significant increase in knowledge and attitudes in the experimental group after intervention. Between groups, the improvement in knowledge and attitudes among adolescent girls in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group. The CARE pocketbook proved to be effective in increasing adolescent girls' knowledge and attitudes about anemia. Contextually designed print educational media tailored to the characteristics of adolescents can be a strategic alternative in adolescent anemia prevention programs.

Studi Literatur : Potensi Antikanker Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.)

Najwa Adiva Faiza Setyawan — 2026-06-30

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer therapy methods such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy often cause serious side effects. Active compounds derived from natural sources are considered a promising alternative in the search for new anticancer agents because they are believed to have minimal adverse effects. This study aims to scientifically examine the anticancer potential of mangosteen peel extract. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed database. The search was restricted to articles published between 2015 and 2025, and article selection followed predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria consisted of original full-text research articles written in English that investigated mangosteen peel extract or xanthone compounds in relation to anticancer activity. Articles were excluded if they were not original studies, not full text, not written in English, published before 2015, or did not examine the anticancer activity of mangosteen peel. A total of 440 articles were identified, and 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of the literature review show that mangosteen peel extract has demonstrated anticancer potential against cervical, ovarian, liver, lung, tongue, oral cavity, and glioma cancer cells. Conclusion: Mangosteen peel extract contains xanthones with strong anticancer potential via apoptosis induction, proliferation inhibition, and promising development as natural therapy.

Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi

Ariva Firdiani — 2026-06-30

This study shows a significant relationship between physical activity and blood pressure among hypertensive patients at Andalas Health Center, Padang City, where increased physical activity is associated with decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with p-values of 0.000 and 0.001, respectively. The average physical activity of respondents was categorized as moderate (805.87 MET-minutes/week), while blood pressure was in the stage I hypertension category. The characteristics of respondents were predominantly female, with a mean age of 54.96 years; most had a family history of hypertension and experienced stress, which also influenced blood pressure conditions. These findings indicate that physical activity is an important factor in controlling hypertension. Therefore, efforts are needed to increase regular physical activity through education and health programs to prevent further complications. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between physical activity and blood pressure in hypertensive patients, so increasing physical activity can be an effective strategy to reduce blood pressure. It is recommended that healthcare providers enhance education and promotion of regular physical activity for hypertensive patients and encourage the adoption of a sustainable healthy lifestyle through community health center programs such as routine exercise and health counseling, in order to help control blood pressure and prevent further complications.

Analisis Menu Dilihat dari Citarasa, Variasi Menu, dan Besar Porsi Makanan yang Disajikan

Nadia Hidayatullah — 2026-06-30

Poorly managed food organization can affect the quality of the menu served, especially in terms of flavor, variety, and portion size. This study aims to describe the food menu at the Yayasan Bening Nurani (YABNI) Padang Foster Home in 2025 in terms of flavor, menu variety, and portion size. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross sectional design conducted in July-August 2024. The sample consisted of 48 foster children. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and weighing of food ingredients for 7 days. Data were analyzed univariately and presented in frequency distribution and percentage. The results showed that 62.5% of foster children did not like the taste of food and 60.4% rated the appearance of food as unattractive. A total of 54.17% stated that food ingredients and processing were not varied, and 52.08% stated that the color and taste of food did not vary. In addition, the portions of staple foods, animal side dishes, vegetable side dishes, vegetables, and oil are not in accordance with the daily meal recommendations. It can be concluded that the flavors, menu variations, and food portions do not meet the recommended standards. Therefore, it is recommended that institutions improve food management by paying attention to flavor, variety of ingredients and processing, and portions that meet the needs of foster children.

Perbandingan Efektivitas Teknik Menyikat Gigi Kombinasi Horizontal–Vertikal dan Fone’s–Vertikal terhadap Status Kebersihan Gigi dan Mulut Anak

Lisnayetti Lisnayetti — 2026-06-30

Tooth brushing is the primary method for controlling dental plaque. The horizontal–vertical combination technique and the fone’s-vertical technique are simple methods commonly used by children in daily life. This study aimed to analyze the differences in dental and oral hygiene status among 12-year-old children using these techniques at SDN 16 Kampeh and SDN 15 Simarasok, Agam Regency. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest approach. A total of 48 respondents were selected using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through the Hygiene Index examination. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analyses using the independent t-test. The results showed that the improvement in dental and oral hygiene was 22.58% for the horizontal–vertical combination technique and 34.62% for the fone’s-vertical technique, with a p-value of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, the fone’s-vertical technique is more effective in improving dental and oral hygiene compared to the horizontal–vertical combination technique.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Konsumsi Pemberian Makanan Tambahan pada Ibu Hamil KEK

Ramah Hayu — 2026-06-30

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women significantly contributes to maternal and infant mortality. While the government provides Supplementary Feeding (PMT), the program's effectiveness is heavily dictated by consumption compliance. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing compliance among CED pregnant women in consuming PMT at Puskesmas Anak Air Padang in 2024. A descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on 31 respondents selected via simple random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using the chi-square test (p < 0.05). Findings revealed that 61.3% of respondents were compliant in consuming PMT. Significant associations were found between compliance and maternal awareness (p=0.007), taste preferences (p=0.008), and family support (p=0.020). Most respondents with high awareness (80%) and high family support (90.9%) demonstrated good compliance. Conversely, poor taste preference was a primary barrier, with 61.1% of respondents in that category being non-compliant. Compliance with supplementary feeding among pregnant women with CED is significantly influenced by awareness, taste preference, and family support simultaneously.

Pengalaman Karies Gigi pada Remaja di Nagari Koto Tangah Kabupaten Agam

Ika Ifitri — 2026-06-30

Dental caries is the most common disease experienced by Indonesian people, especially in 12-year-olds who already have completely permanent teeth, and 12-year-old children are designated as the global monitoring age for caries. Purpose of the study to find out the description of dental caries experience in grade VII students at SMPN 1 Nagari Koto Tangah, Tilatang Kamang District, Agam Regency. A type of quantitative research with a descriptive design. The research population is all grade VII students of SMPN 1 Tilatang Kamang totaling 122 people. The sampling technique is a saturated sample, that is, the entire population is used as a sample. Data collection through direct examination. The data analysis used univariate analysis. The results of the study obtained a DMF-T index based on age, namely the bad criteria at the age of 13 years of 53%, while the DMF-T index with good criteria was also at the age of 12 years of 70%. Based on gender, the DMF-T index is 57% bad criteria for females, while the DMF-T index is good criteria for males at 70%. The average DMF-T index of 122 respondents in class VII at SMPN 1 Tilatang Kamang was 1.56 with poor criteria. The conclusion of this study is that grade VII students of SMPN 1 Tilatang Kamang have an average DMF-T index of 1.56 with poor criteria. Respondents were advised to reduce the habit of consuming sweet and sticky foods, and to apply the habit of gargling after consuming sweet and sticky foods. Filling cavities.

Penerapan 3R pada Rumah Tangga Pedesaan: Kajian Determinan Perilaku dan Lingkungan

Sari Arlinda — 2026-06-30

The increasing volume of household waste in rural areas requires sustainable management based on the principles of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R). This study aimed to analyze behavioral and structural factors associated with the adoption of 3R practices among housewives in Laban Village, Pesisir Selatan Regency, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 86 randomly selected housewives using a structured questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitudes, infrastructure availability, government support, income level, and the presence of sanitation workers. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and binary logistic regression. Bivariate analysis showed that knowledge (p = 0.024), attitude (p = 0.046), infrastructure availability (p = 0.007), and government support (p = 0.010) were significantly associated with 3R adoption. Income level and the presence of sanitation workers were not significantly associated. In multivariate analysis, infrastructure availability is dominant factor to 3R adoption in Laban Village (OR = 5,79 dan 95% CI = 1,38–24,21). These findings indicate that improving awareness alone is insufficient without adequate infrastructure and institutional support to promote sustainable household waste management.

Pengaruh Pijat Bayi Kombinasi Aromatherapy Peppermint terhadap Gejala Batuk Pilek pada Balita Usia 1-5 Tahun

Yenni Puspita — 2026-06-30

Background: Cough and cold are common complaints among toddlers and are symptoms of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI), which can disrupt children’s comfort and daily activities. The cough and cold massage therapy is a non-pharmacological method believed to help relieve symptoms by improving blood circulation and boosting the immune system. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cough and cold massage therapy in reducing the duration of symptoms in toddlers. Methods: The study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. A total of 64 toddlers aged 1–5 years experiencing cough and cold were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires to record respondents’ characteristics and symptom observations before and after the intervention. The research was conducted from July to September 2025. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The findings showed a significant difference before and after the cough and cold massage therapy, with aromatherapy peppermint a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05), indicating that the therapy effectively accelerated recovery. Cough and cold massage therapy can serve as a non-pharmacological alternative to help reduce cough and cold symptoms in toddlers. Conclusion: This method is recommended for use by parents and healthcare providers as a promotive and preventive effort to improve children’s health.

Analisis Biaya Obat Antihipertensi pada Pasien Rawat Jalan Peserta JKN

Nadia Pentamitta Pandji — 2026-06-30

Hypertension is a major cause of death and includes non-communicable diseases. Hypertension requires a long treatment time so that the cost of antihypertensive drugs is high. This study aims to determine the average cost of antihypertensive therapy drugs, and other cost components that cause antihypertensive costs to increase as well as the factors that affect the cost of antihypertensive drugs. The research method used is a non-experimental approach with a cross-sectional quantitative design. Data were collected using the non-probability sampling method using purposive sampling on outpatient hypertensive patients participating in JKN in 2021. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically tested using SPSS version 20 with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The average cost of antihypertensive drugs and the total cost for outpatients at Tugurejo Hospital, Central Java Province in 2021 is Rp. 37.183 and Rp. 25.394. The average cost of hypertension medication that must be disbursed each month for a single drug, a combination of 2 drugs, a combination of 3 drugs, and a combination of 4 drugs is Rp. 12.306, Rp. 35.002, Rp. 61.372, and Rp. 117.693. The average total cost of components other than antihypertensive drugs is Rp. 216.211. Statistical analysis results showed that gender did not affect drug costs or total costs. Age significantly influenced drug costs but not total costs. The number of comorbidities significantly influenced drug costs and total costs. Drug costs accounted for the largest proportion, at 54.35%. Therefore, the cost of hypertension medication was influenced by age and the number of comorbidities. Meanwhile, the total cost was influenced by the number of comorbidities

Perbedaan Kejadian Karies Gigi Molar Satu Permanen dan Indeks DMF-T pada Siswa SD di Wilayah Perkotaan dan Pedesaan (Studi Cross Sectional)

Syukra Alhamda — 2026-06-30

Differences in environmental conditions, access to health services, and oral health maintenance behavior are thought to influence dental caries among school-age children, particularly in the first permanent molars. This study aimed to analyze the differences in first permanent molar caries and DMF-T index among sixth-grade elementary school students in urban and rural areas.This study was an analytic study with a cross sectional approach conducted at SDN 06 Aur Tajungkang Tengah Sawah, Bukittinggi City, and SDN 22 Koto Tangah, Agam Regency. The sample consisted of 50 students selected using the total sampling technique. Data were collected through examinations of first permanent molar caries depth and DMF-T index. Data analysis was performed using the Mann Whitney U Test. The results showed that superficial caries were more common among students in urban areas, while profunda caries were more common among students in rural areas. The mean DMF-T index in urban students was higher (3.97) than in rural students (1.86). Statistical analysis showed significant differences in superficial caries (p=0.001), profunda caries (p=0.023), and total DMF-T index (p=0.040), while media caries, missing component, and filling component showed no significant differences. In conclusion, there were differences in the pattern of first permanent molar caries and DMF-T index between elementary school students in urban and rural areas. Promotive and preventive oral health efforts tailored to regional characteristics are needed through oral health education and regular dental examinations at schools.

Hambatan Partisipasi Skrining Kanker Serviks pada Perempuan di Kelurahan Pabuara, Jawa Barat: Studi Kuantitatif

Nurlelasari Harahap — 2026-06-01

Cervical cancer remains a major public health problem among women in Indonesia, while participation in cervical cancer screening programs remains low despite the availability of screening services. Low screening uptake is influenced by various barriers related to psychological, informational, and healthcare access factors. This study aimed to identify barriers affecting women’s participation in cervical cancer screening in Pabuaran Village, West Java. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 113 women aged 18 years and older selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Cervical Cancer Awareness Measure (Cervical CAM) questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS. The findings revealed that the most common barriers were fear of the Pap smear procedure (44.2%), lack of information about cervical cancer screening (13.3%), and unspecified personal or cultural reasons (14.2%). In contrast, logistical barriers such as distance to healthcare facilities and long waiting times were reported less frequently. The study concludes that psychological barriers and limited information are the primary factors contributing to low participation in cervical cancer screening. Therefore, targeted health education, culturally sensitive counseling, and community-based interventions are needed to improve women’s awareness and increase cervical cancer screening coverage.

Efektifitas Terapi Musik Dangdut dalam Menurunkan Halusinasi pada Pasien Skizofrenia: Studi Kasus

Luthfiana Sukma Rantikasari — 2026-06-02

Hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia can disrupt psychosocial functioning and increase the risk of maladaptive behaviors, highlighting the need for effective and contextually appropriate non-pharmacological interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of dangdut music therapy in reducing the level of hallucinations among patients with schizophrenia. A case study design was employed using a psychiatric nursing care approach involving one patient at Atma Husada Mahakam Psychiatric Hospital, Samarinda. The intervention consisted of dangdut music therapy administered for approximately 15–30 minutes per session, once daily for five consecutive days. Hallucination levels were measured using the Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (AHRS) before and after the intervention. The results demonstrated a reduction in the AHRS score from 28 (moderate–severe category) to 14 (mild–moderate category), accompanied by a decrease in hallucination frequency from 5–6 episodes per day to 1–2 episodes per day and a reduction in emotional response intensity from a score of 4 to 2. These findings suggest that dangdut music therapy has the potential to help reduce hallucination severity in patients with schizophrenia. In conclusion, dangdut music therapy may serve as a beneficial complementary intervention for managing hallucinations in schizophrenia within the context of a case study. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and more rigorous research designs are needed to confirm its effectiveness on a broader scale.

Transformasi Program Bimbingan Konseling Berbasis Need Assessment dan Evaluasi Digital

Renidayati Reni — 2026-06-10

Guidance and counseling programs in senior high schools need to transform from administrative-oriented services into data-based, developmental, and digitally evaluated services. This study aims to analyze the transformation of the guidance and counseling program based on need assessment and digital evaluation at SMAN 1 Padang. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews with a school counselor and document review of the guidance and counseling program. The results showed that the guidance and counseling program at SMAN 1 Padang has been developed based on students’ needs through several assessment instruments, including AUM, AUM PTSDL, questionnaires, sociometry, observation, interviews, and academic data. The program includes basic services, responsive services, individual planning, and system support. A notable innovation is the use of digital evaluation through online rubrics and student feedback links. However, several challenges remain, including a high student-counselor ratio, limited classroom guidance hours, inadequate counseling room facilities, and uneven understanding of counseling functions among subject teachers. This study concludes that need assessment and digital evaluation are important strategies to strengthen the quality, accountability, and relevance of modern school counseling services

Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil tentang Tanda Bahaya Preeklampsia

Jumriani Jumriani — 2026-06-15

Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, which can be prevented through early detection. The level of knowledge among pregnant women regarding the danger signs of preeclampsia is an important factor in preventing complications. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of pregnant women about the danger signs of preeclampsia at the Tobelo Public Health Center, North Halmahera Regency. This study used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 50 pregnant women selected using total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed univariately in the form of frequency distribution and percentages. The results showed that the majority of respondents were aged 20–35 years (74%), had a secondary level of education (62%), and were multigravida (72%). The level of knowledge of pregnant women about the danger signs of preeclampsia was mostly in the moderate category (54%), followed by low (26%) and good (20%). These findings indicate that the knowledge of pregnant women is still not optimal in recognizing the danger signs of preeclampsia. Therefore, it is necessary to improve health education through antenatal care (ANC) services to enhance pregnant women’s understanding in early detection of pregnancy complications and to reduce the risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Efektivitas Latihan Keseimbangan dan Latihan Penguatan untuk Mencegah Keseleo Pergelangan Kaki Berulang: Tinjauan Sistematis yang Komprehensif

Oktavia Indah Fitriningrum — 2026-06-15

Background: Ankle sprain is a sports injury with a high recurrence rate. Impaired proprioception, neuromuscular control, and postural stability are important factors that increase the risk of recurrent injury. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of balance training and strengthening exercises in preventing recurrent ankle sprains. Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Articles were retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SagePub, with inclusion criteria consisting of English-language articles relevant to the topic and published between 2014 and 2024. Results: A total of 8 studies involving 267 participants met the inclusion criteria. The sample sizes of the included studies ranged from 18 to 54 participants. Most studies showed that balance training improved dynamic balance, proprioception, postural stability, and ankle function. Strengthening exercises also provided benefits in improving muscle strength; however, their effects on dynamic balance were more limited and less consistent. Conclusion: Balance training demonstrated more consistent effectiveness than strengthening exercises in preventing recurrent ankle sprains. Strengthening exercises may still be used as part of rehabilitation, particularly when combined with balance training.

Pengaruh Penyuluhan Gizi terhadap Pengetahuan Kader dan Ibu Balita dalam Pemanfaatan Tepung Lele dan Tepung Labu Kuning untuk Pencegahan Stunting

Elsyie Yuniarti — 2026-06-15

Stunting remains a public health problem in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 19.8% in 2024. Although local foods have the potential to support stunting prevention, the knowledge of Posyandu cadres and mothers of under-five children regarding the utilization of protein- and vitamin A-rich local foods, such as catfish flour and pumpkin flour, is still limited. This study aimed to determine the effect of nutrition education on the knowledge of Posyandu cadres and mothers of under-five children regarding the utilization of catfish flour and pumpkin flour for stunting prevention. This study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The population consisted of Posyandu cadres and mothers of under-five children in the working area of Andalas Public Health Center. A total of 64 participants were selected using the Federer formula and a multistage random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test. The instrument used was a pretest and posttest questionnaire to measure the knowledge levels of Posyandu cadres and mothers of under-five children. The results showed that nutrition education supported by audiovisual media and hands-on practice improved the knowledge of Posyandu cadres and mothers of under-five children regarding the utilization of local foods for stunting prevention, as indicated by a p-value ≤ 0.05, although not all groups demonstrated significant changes. This intervention may serve as a supportive strategy to accelerate stunting reduction through Posyandu activities.