Cegah Stunting dengan Protein Hewani : Tinjauan Naratif
Keywords:
animal food source, food diversity, protein quality, stunting
Abstract
Acceleration of stunting reduction is urgently needed to achieve The Gold Period of
Indonesia in 2045. One of the specific nutrition interventions needed is to increase the
consumption of animal protein in children aged 6-23 months. This study aims to
explore the mechanism of the relationship between the consumption of animal food
sources, the incidence of stunting, and children’s growth and development. This study
uses a narrative review method of literature related to stunting, animal protein, as well
as child growth and development. Information obtained from selected literature is then
analyzed using content analysis and presented in the form of a narrative way. This
study shows that animal protein consumption can support growth and development for
stunting prevention. Consumption of dairy products can increase Insulin-like Growth
Factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and accelerate children's linear growth. Consumption of meat
and fish products is not significant in increasing height but has benefits such as
improving cognitive, arithmetic and physical activity performance as well as reducing
the risk of infection. Foods rich in animal protein source also need to be balanced with
a variety of foods to meet nutritional needs for growth and development, as well as
healthy gut microbes that support the digestion process and children’s health status.
The results of this study encourage holistic interventions to increase diverse food
intake which is rich in animal protein sources in order to accelerate the reduction of
toddler stunting
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Wiley AS, Joshi SM, Lubree HG, Bhat DS, Memane NS, Raut DA, et al. IGF-I and IGFBP-3
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cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018;72(4):564-71.
Hoppe C, Molgaard C, Juul A, Michaelsen KF. High intakes of skimmed milk, but not meat,
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Nutritional impact of whole milk supplemented with vitamins and minerals in children. Salud
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Gibson RS, Yeudall F, Drost N, Mtitimuni BM, Cullinan TR. Experiences of a community-based
dietary intervention to enhance micronutrient adequacy of diets low in animal source foods and
high in phytate: a case study in rural Malawian children. J Nutr. 2003;133(11 Suppl 2):3992S9S.
Dalton A, Wolmarans P, Witthuhn RC, van Stuijvenberg ME, Swanevelder SA, Smuts CM. A
randomised control trial in schoolchildren showed improvement in cognitive function after
consuming a bread spread, containing fish flour from a marine source. Prostaglandins Leukot
Essent Fatty Acids. 2009;80(2-3):143-9.
Creed-Kanashiro HM, Uribe TG, Bartolini RM, Fukumoto MN, López TT, Zavaleta NM, et al.
Improving Dietary Intake to Prevent Anemia in Adolescent Girls through Community Kitchens
in a Periurban Population of Lima, Peru. The Journal of Nutrition. 2000;130(2):459S-61S.
McLean ED, Allen LH, Neumann CG, Peerson JM, Siekmann JHM, Suzanne P. , Bwibo NO, et
al. Low Plasma Vitamin B-12 in Kenyan School Children Is Highly Prevalent and Improved by
Supplemental Animal Source Foods. J Nutr. 2007;137:676–82.
Sudargo T, Muhammad HFL, Kandarina I, Putri N, Irianto SE, Pranoto YA, et al. The effect of
additional egg supplementation on vitamin and mineral fortification program on growth,
cognitive development and hemoglobin in Indonesian underweight and stunting children.
Nutrition & Food Science. 2018;48(5):744-54.
Iannotti LL, Chapnick M, Nicholas J, Gallegos-Riofrio CA, Moreno P, Douglas K, et al. Egg
intervention effect on linear growth no longer present after two years. Matern Child Nutr.
2020;16(2):e12925.
Jurnal Gizi Mandiri .Vol 1. No 1. (2023) 26
Robertson RC, Manges AR, Finlay BB, Prendergast AJ. The Human Microbiome and Child
Growth - First 1000 Days and Beyond. Trends Microbiol. 2019;27(2):131-47.
IFPRI. Animal-sourced foods are vital to combating malnutrition and stunting in developing
world. Washington DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2023.
Moughan PJ. Population protein intakes and food sustainability indices: The metrics matter.
Global Food Security. 2021;29.
Leser S. The 2013 FAO report on dietary protein quality evaluation in human nutrition:
Recommendations and implications. British Nutrition Foundation Nutrition Bulletin.
2013;38:421–8.
Consultation FE. Dietary protein quality evaluation in human nutrition. Rome: Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, 2013.
KEMENKES. Tabel Komposisi Pangan Indonesia 2017. Jakarta: Direktorat Gizi Masyarakat,
KEMENKES; 2018.
Dror DK, Allen LH. The importance of milk and other animal-source foods for children in lowincome countries. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2011;32(3):227-34.
Ahmad SS, Ahmad K, Lee EJ, Lee YH, Choi I. Implications of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in
Skeletal Muscle and Various Diseases. Cells. 2020;9(8).
Shapiro MJ, Downs SM, Swartz HJ, Parker M, Quelhas D, Kreis K, et al. A Systematic Review
Investigating the Relation Between Animal-Source Food Consumption and Stunting in Children
Aged 6-60 Months in Low and Middle-Income Countries. Adv Nutr. 2019;10(5):827-47.
Aubertin-Leheudre M, Adlercreutz H. Relationship between animal protein intake and muscle
mass index in healthy women. Br J Nutr. 2009;102(12):1803-10.
Steward K. Essential Amino Acids: Chart, Abbreviations and Structure. Technology Network.
2019;September 26:1-18.
Takahara T, Amemiya Y, Sugiyama R, Maki M, Shibata H. Amino acid-dependent control of mTORC1 signaling: a variety of regulatory modes. J Biomed Sci. 2020;27(1):87.
Suppl 1:12-26.
KEMENKES. Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) Nasional 2018 (National report of
Basic Health Research 2018). Jakarta: Ministry of Health of The Republic of Indonesia (MOHRI), 2018.
KEMENKES. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013 (Indonesian Basic Health Research
2013). Jakarta, Indonesia: Ministry of Health of The Republic of Indonesia (MOH-RI), 2013.
KEMENKES. Buku Saku Hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Tingkat Kabupaten dan Kota
Tahun 2021. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2021.
PMK-RI K. Perlu Kerja Keras "Habis-habisan" Untuk Capai Target Penurunan Stunting 14
Persen. Siaran Pers Nomor: 38/HUMAS PMK/II/2022. Jakarta: Kementerian Koordinator
Bidang Pembangunan Manusia dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia (PMK); 2022.
Usfar A, Lan M. Pencegahan Stunting di Rumahku. Kebumen: CV. Intishar Publishing; 2022.
Fahmida U, Iswarawanti D, Pramesthi I, Kusuma S, Shinta D, Suciyanti D. Anakku Tumbuh
Tinggi dan Cerdas. Jakarta: SEAMEO-RECFON; 2018.
Tahangnacca M, Amiruddin R, Ansariadi, Syam A. Model of stunting determinants: A
systematic review. Enfermería Clínica. 2020;30:241-5.
Bourke CD, Berkley JA, Prendergast AJ. Immune Dysfunction as a Cause and Consequence
of Malnutrition. Trends Immunol. 2016;37(6):386-98.
Soliman A, De Sanctis V, Alaaraj N, Ahmed S, Alyafei F, Hamed N. Early and Long-term
Consequences of Nutritional Stunting: From Childhood to Adulthood. Acta Biomed.
2021;92(1):e2021168.
Zerga AA, Tadesse SE, Ayele FY, Ayele SZ. Impact of malnutrition on the academic
performance of school children in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SAGE
Open Med. 2022;10:20503121221122398.
TNP2K. Strategi Nasional Percepatan Pencegahan Anak Kerdil (Stunting) Periode 2018-
2024.pdf>. Jakarta: Sekretariat Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia; 2018.
KEMENKES. Hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia 2022. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan
Republik Indonesia, 2023.
Chandra DN. Fueling growth and preventing stunting: the role of animal protein in achieving
optimal nutrition - Indonesia's National Nutrition Day 2023 Theme. World Nutrition Journal.
2023;6(2):1-3.
Marks D, Yardley L. Content and Thematic Analysis In: Marks D, Yardley L, editors. Research
Methods for Clinical and Health Psychology London: SAGE Publications, Ltd; 2004.
Darapheak C, Takano T, Kizuki M, Nakamura K, Seino K. Consumption of animal source foods
and dietary diversity reduce stunting in children in Cambodia. International Archives of
Medicine. 2013;6(29):1-11.
Desmond MA, Sobiecki JG, Jaworski M, Pludowski P, Antoniewicz J, Shirley MK, et al.
Growth, body composition, and cardiovascular and nutritional risk of 5- to 10-y-old children
Jurnal Gizi Mandiri .Vol 1. No 1. (2023) 25
consuming vegetarian, vegan, or omnivore diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;113(6):1565-77.
Headey D, Hirvonen K, Hoddinott J. Animal Sourced Foods and Child Stunting. Am J Agric
Econ. 2018;100(5):1302-19.
Malcolm LA. Growth retardation in a New Guinea boarding school and its response to
supplementary feeding. British Journal of Nutrition. 1970;24(1):297-305.
Lien DTK, Nhung BT, Khan NC, Hop LT, Nga NTQ, Hung NT, et al. Impact of milk
consumption on performance and health of primary school children in rural Vietnam. Asia Pac
J Clin Nutr. 2009;18(3):326-34.
Hall A, Hanh TTM, Farley K, Quynh TPN, Valdivia F. An evaluation of the impact of a school
nutrition programme in Vietnam. Public Health Nutrition. 2007;10(8):819-26.
Du X, Zhu K, Trube A, Zhang Q, Ma G, Hu X, et al. School-milk intervention trial enhances
growth and bone mineral accretion in Chinese girls aged 10–12 years in Beijing. British Journal
of Nutrition. 2007;92(1):159-68.
Wiley AS, Joshi SM, Lubree HG, Bhat DS, Memane NS, Raut DA, et al. IGF-I and IGFBP-3
concentrations at 2 years: associations with anthropometry and milk consumption in an Indian
cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018;72(4):564-71.
Hoppe C, Molgaard C, Juul A, Michaelsen KF. High intakes of skimmed milk, but not meat,
increase serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in eight-year-old boys. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58(9):1211-6.
Grasgruber P, Sebera M, Hrazdira E, Cacek J, Kalina T. Major correlates of male height: A
study of 105 countries. Econ Hum Biol. 2016;21:172-95.
Maulen-Radovan I, Villagomez S, Soler E, Villicana R, Hernandez-Ronquillo L, Rosado J.
Nutritional impact of whole milk supplemented with vitamins and minerals in children. Salud
Publica Mex 1999. 1999;41(389–96).
Gibson RS, Yeudall F, Drost N, Mtitimuni BM, Cullinan TR. Experiences of a community-based
dietary intervention to enhance micronutrient adequacy of diets low in animal source foods and
high in phytate: a case study in rural Malawian children. J Nutr. 2003;133(11 Suppl 2):3992S9S.
Dalton A, Wolmarans P, Witthuhn RC, van Stuijvenberg ME, Swanevelder SA, Smuts CM. A
randomised control trial in schoolchildren showed improvement in cognitive function after
consuming a bread spread, containing fish flour from a marine source. Prostaglandins Leukot
Essent Fatty Acids. 2009;80(2-3):143-9.
Creed-Kanashiro HM, Uribe TG, Bartolini RM, Fukumoto MN, López TT, Zavaleta NM, et al.
Improving Dietary Intake to Prevent Anemia in Adolescent Girls through Community Kitchens
in a Periurban Population of Lima, Peru. The Journal of Nutrition. 2000;130(2):459S-61S.
McLean ED, Allen LH, Neumann CG, Peerson JM, Siekmann JHM, Suzanne P. , Bwibo NO, et
al. Low Plasma Vitamin B-12 in Kenyan School Children Is Highly Prevalent and Improved by
Supplemental Animal Source Foods. J Nutr. 2007;137:676–82.
Sudargo T, Muhammad HFL, Kandarina I, Putri N, Irianto SE, Pranoto YA, et al. The effect of
additional egg supplementation on vitamin and mineral fortification program on growth,
cognitive development and hemoglobin in Indonesian underweight and stunting children.
Nutrition & Food Science. 2018;48(5):744-54.
Iannotti LL, Chapnick M, Nicholas J, Gallegos-Riofrio CA, Moreno P, Douglas K, et al. Egg
intervention effect on linear growth no longer present after two years. Matern Child Nutr.
2020;16(2):e12925.
Jurnal Gizi Mandiri .Vol 1. No 1. (2023) 26
Robertson RC, Manges AR, Finlay BB, Prendergast AJ. The Human Microbiome and Child
Growth - First 1000 Days and Beyond. Trends Microbiol. 2019;27(2):131-47.
IFPRI. Animal-sourced foods are vital to combating malnutrition and stunting in developing
world. Washington DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2023.
Moughan PJ. Population protein intakes and food sustainability indices: The metrics matter.
Global Food Security. 2021;29.
Leser S. The 2013 FAO report on dietary protein quality evaluation in human nutrition:
Recommendations and implications. British Nutrition Foundation Nutrition Bulletin.
2013;38:421–8.
Consultation FE. Dietary protein quality evaluation in human nutrition. Rome: Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, 2013.
KEMENKES. Tabel Komposisi Pangan Indonesia 2017. Jakarta: Direktorat Gizi Masyarakat,
KEMENKES; 2018.
Dror DK, Allen LH. The importance of milk and other animal-source foods for children in lowincome countries. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2011;32(3):227-34.
Ahmad SS, Ahmad K, Lee EJ, Lee YH, Choi I. Implications of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in
Skeletal Muscle and Various Diseases. Cells. 2020;9(8).
Shapiro MJ, Downs SM, Swartz HJ, Parker M, Quelhas D, Kreis K, et al. A Systematic Review
Investigating the Relation Between Animal-Source Food Consumption and Stunting in Children
Aged 6-60 Months in Low and Middle-Income Countries. Adv Nutr. 2019;10(5):827-47.
Aubertin-Leheudre M, Adlercreutz H. Relationship between animal protein intake and muscle
mass index in healthy women. Br J Nutr. 2009;102(12):1803-10.
Steward K. Essential Amino Acids: Chart, Abbreviations and Structure. Technology Network.
2019;September 26:1-18.
Takahara T, Amemiya Y, Sugiyama R, Maki M, Shibata H. Amino acid-dependent control of mTORC1 signaling: a variety of regulatory modes. J Biomed Sci. 2020;27(1):87.
Published
2023-07-07
Section
Articles
